Kidney

Description

One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in humans are bean-shaped organs about 4 1/2 inches (11 1/2 centimeters) long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder [Source: Brenda].

Structure

Changes associated with this tissue

Due to the potentially large amount of high-throughput molecular changes these have been excluded below. You can view the full list of 132 changes through the filter results page.

Physiological (20) View on results page

Ability to secrete acid load decreases Basement membranes of glomeruli and tubules thicken Creatinine clearance declines Dietary protein required to induce renal sclerotic lesions decreases Glomerular filtration rate declines Glomeruli crowd together Glomeruli number decreases Interstitial fibrosis in medulla Kidney mass gradually lost Mutations in mitochondrial DNA accumulate Nephrons appear to fail as units Phosphate reabsorption decreased Reduction in renal function Renal blood flow declines Response to antidiuretic hormone decreased Sodium conservation decreased Transport maximum for glucose declines Urine concentrating capacity decreases Vasodilation induced by acetylcholine or sodium reduced Widespread degeneration of glomerular blood vessels

Molecular (3; 104 in total) View on results page

Changes from high-throughput approaches are excluded but can be viewed on the results page.

IgM deposition in glomeruli specific activities of enzymes are reduced telomere shortening

Pathological (5) View on results page

Essential (primary) hypertension and hypertensive renal disease Hypertensive heart and renal disease Kidney diseases Renal arteriosclerosis Renal failure