Blood

Synonyms

peripheral blood

Description

The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins of a vertebrate animal carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the body [Source: Brenda].

Structure

  • Anatomical System 4331 ➥
    • anatomical site 223 ➥
      • head and neck
      • thorax 1 ➥
        • thoracic wall
      • abdomen
      • pelvis
      • perineum
      • upper limb
      • lower limb
      • whole body 30 ➥
      • adipose tissue 190 ➥
      • mucosa
      • spine 2 ➥
    • cardiovascular system 62 ➥
      • heart 40 ➥
        • atrium
        • ventricle 2 ➥
        • endocardium
        • myocardium
        • pericardium
        • cardiac valve
        • cardiac conducting system
      • artery 15 ➥
        • aorta 2 ➥
        • arterial intima 5 ➥
        • arterial media
        • arterial adventitia
        • carotid artery
        • coronary artery
      • vein 1 ➥
        • venous intima 1 ➥
        • venous media
        • venous adventitia
      • capillary
    • respiratory system 187 ➥
      • nose
      • sinus
      • larynx 1 ➥
      • trachea
      • bronchus
      • lung 175 ➥
      • pleura
      • diaphragm
    • hematological system 385 ➥
    • lymphoreticular system 2 ➥
      • lymph
      • lymph node
      • tonsil
      • spleen
    • alimentary system 123 ➥
    • urogenital system 301 ➥
      • urinary system 132 ➥
        • kidney 130 ➥
          • nephron 7 ➥
            • renal corpuscle
              • glomerus
            • renal tubule 6 ➥
              • renal proximal convoluted tubule
              • renal distal convoluted tubule
              • loop of Henle
              • renal collecting duct
          • renal vasculature 5 ➥
          • glomerulus 5 ➥
        • ureter
        • bladder 1 ➥
        • urethra
      • reproductive system 169 ➥
    • endocrine system 10 ➥
      • endocrine pancreas
        • islets of Langerhans
      • pineal gland 1 ➥
      • pituitary gland 1 ➥
      • thyroid
      • parathyroid
      • adrenal gland 2 ➥
        • adrenal cortex
        • adrenal medulla
    • musculoskeletal system 529 ➥
    • integument system 1602 ➥
    • nervous system 767 ➥
      • central nervous system 737 ➥
        • brain 734 ➥
          • cerebrum 334 ➥
            • cerebral cortex 334 ➥
              • frontal lobe 84 ➥
                • prefrontal cortex 3 ➥
              • parietal lobe 78 ➥
              • temporal lobe 31 ➥
              • occipital lobe
              • visual
              • insula
              • olfactory bulb
              • anterior olfactory nucleus
              • lateral olfactory stria
              • medial olfactory stria
              • olfactory tubercle
              • primary olfactory cortex
              • secondary olfactory cortex
              • hippocampus 137 ➥
              • parahippocampal gyrus
            • basal nuclei
          • hypothalamus 1 ➥
            • preoptic nucleus
            • supraoptic nucleus
            • suprachiasmatic nucleus
            • paraventricular nucleus
            • infundibular nucleus
            • anterior nucleus
            • dorsomedial nucleus
            • ventromedial nucleus
            • lateral nucleus
            • posterior nucleus
            • premamillary nucleus
            • tuberomamillary nucleus
            • medial mamillary nucleus
            • lateral mamillary nucleus
            • lateral tuberal nucleus
          • brain stem 12 ➥
            • midbrain 2 ➥
              • crus cerebri
              • colliculi
              • substantia nigra 2 ➥
              • red nucleus
              • periaqueductal grey matter
              • oculomotor nucleus
              • trochlear nucleus
              • mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
            • pons 10 ➥
              • vestibular nuclei
              • cochlear nuclei
              • superior olivary nucleus
              • trapezoid nucleus
              • nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
              • abducent nucleus
              • facial nucleus
              • salivatory nuclei
              • trigeminal nucleus
          • cerebellum 14 ➥
            • cerebellum cortex
            • cerebellum nuclei
          • tract 1 ➥
          • ventricular system
          • cerebrospinal fluid
          • meninges
          • white matter 5 ➥
          • grey matter 2 ➥
          • blood brain barrier 4 ➥
        • spinal cord
      • peripheral nervous system 25 ➥
        • visual apparatus 17 ➥
          • globe
          • eyelid 1 ➥
          • lacrimal gland
          • conjunctiva
          • cornea
          • sclera
          • lens 6 ➥
          • vitreous humor 1 ➥
          • iris
          • ciliary body
          • choroid
          • retina
          • optic nerve
          • trabecular meshwork
        • auditory apparatus 8 ➥
          • external ear
          • middle ear
          • tympanum
          • auditory tube
          • auditory ossicle
          • internal ear 8 ➥
            • osseous labyrinth 8 ➥
              • cochlea 8 ➥
                • spiral organ of Corti
              • semicircular canal
              • vestibule
            • membranous labyrinth
        • olfactory apparatus
        • peripheral nerve
        • ganglion
        • sympathetic chain
    • immune system 98 ➥

Changes associated with this tissue

Due to the potentially large amount of high-throughput molecular changes these have been excluded below. You can view the full list of 236 changes through the filter results page.

Physiological (35) View on results page

Albumin levels decrease Aldosterone secretion, blood levels and clearance decrease Blood cholesterol increases Blood sugar changes Blood volume per unit of body weight unchanged Cholesterol level - High (Female) Cholesterol level - High (Male) Chronic inflammation increases Circadian plasma melatonin flattened Cortisol levels increased Decrease in melatonin concentration and loss of circadian rhythm for secretion DHEA levels decrease Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G molecules changes with age Increase in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) preceding menopause Inhibin levels decline Interleukin-15 levels decrease in plasma and muscle Mean blood glucose level increases Mitochondrial DNA content in non-centenerians decreases with age Morning concentration of oestrone (E1) declines Morning concentration of sex-hormone binding globulin declines Morning concentrations of oestradiol decline Morning concentrations of testosterone decline Mosaic abnormalities increase No changes in erythroid and myeloid progenitor cells evident Oxidative increase in cystine/cysteine ratio Plasma and urinary catecholamine elevation after stimuli Prolactin decreases in females Prolactin increases in males Ratio of oxidized to unoxidized plasma albumin increases Regulation of the acid-base equilibrium of the blood unchanged Sex hormone binding globulin levels increase Shift in reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio in favour of oxidized gluthione Thymic hormone levels decrease Triglyceride levels increase Vitamin C levels decrease

Molecular (5; 194 in total) View on results page

Changes from high-throughput approaches are excluded but can be viewed on the results page.

Pathological (2) View on results page