Hematological System

Adipocyte formation increases Albumin levels decrease Aldosterone secretion, blood levels and clearance decrease Alterations in frequency, developmental potential and gene expression profile in hematopoietic stem cells Beta-galactosidase expression increases in mesenchymal stem cells Blood cholesterol increases Blood sugar changes Blood volume per unit of body weight unchanged Capacity of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts may be decreased Cholesterol level - High (Female) Cholesterol level - High (Male) Chronic inflammation increases Circadian plasma melatonin flattened Cortisol levels increased Decrease in melatonin concentration and loss of circadian rhythm for secretion DHEA levels decrease DNA damage acummulates in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells Fewer cells and higher apoptosis Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G molecules changes with age Hematopoietic cells accumulate random mutations Increase in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) preceding menopause Inhibin levels decline Interleukin-15 levels decrease in plasma and muscle Mean blood glucose level increases Mitochondrial DNA content in non-centenerians decreases with age Morning concentration of oestrone (E1) declines Morning concentration of sex-hormone binding globulin declines Morning concentrations of oestradiol decline Morning concentrations of testosterone decline Mosaic abnormalities increase No changes in erythroid and myeloid progenitor cells evident Number and differentiation potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cells declines with age Number of mature B cells leaving the bone marrow declines Osteoblast differentiation decreases Oxidative increase in cystine/cysteine ratio Plasma and urinary catecholamine elevation after stimuli Pro-B cell generation and differentiation declines Prolactin decreases in females Prolactin increases in males Proliferation rate of mesenchymal stem cells is reduced Ratio of oxidized to unoxidized plasma albumin increases Regulation of the acid-base equilibrium of the blood unchanged Renewal capacity declines Sex hormone binding globulin levels increase Shift in reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio in favour of oxidized gluthione Thymic hormone levels decrease Triglyceride levels increase Vitamin C levels decrease Volume of hematopoietic bone marrow decreases