| vitamin E levels decrease | — | blood | Mouse | |
| vitamin C levels decrease | — | blood, T cell | Mouse | |
| tail stiffening | — | tail | Mouse | |
| Shift in reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio in favour of oxidized gluthione | — | blood, lymphocytes | Mouse | |
| possible blunting of growth hormone secretion increase in response to multiple stimuli | — | endocrine system | Mouse | |
| Pancreatic Beta-cell replication decrease | — | pancreas | Mouse | |
| Osteoblast differentiation decreases | — | bone marrow | Mouse | |
| neurogenesis is reduced | — | brain | Mouse | |
| Neural stem cell pool declines | — | hippocampus | Mouse | |
| motor coordination decreases | — | musculoskeletal system, nervous system | Mouse | |
| lower affinity antibodies generated | — | B cell | Mouse | |
| Loss of subcutaneous adipose skin layer | — | skin | Mouse | |
| Kyphosis | — | spine | Mouse | |
| intracellular glutathione content decreases | — | brain | Mouse | |
| Interleuking-6 plasma levels are elevated in response to acute systemic inflammation | — | immune system | Mouse | |
| Interleukin-15 levels decrease in plasma and muscle | — | immune system | Mouse | |
| grip strength decreases | — | muscle | Mouse | |
| graying and balding of fur | — | fur | Mouse | |
| gait width increases | — | nervous system | Mouse | |
| function declines | — | dendritic cell | Mouse | |
| D-glucose absorption decreased | — | endocrine system | Mouse | |
| Decrease in mitochondrial content and oxidative metabolism | — | brain | Mouse | |
| Bone loss | — | bone | Mouse | |
| body weight declines | — | whole body | Mouse | |
| Adipocyte formation increases | — | bone marrow | Mouse | |